AI Tools in Medicine
Making Sense of AI Tools in Medicine and Beyond
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is showing up everywhere—from the apps we use daily to the tools we rely on in medicine. But not all AI works the same way. Understanding the types of AI, their uses, and their limitations can help students and clinicians use these technologies more safely and effectively.
Types of AI You’ll Encounter
Large Language Models (LLMs): Tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, or Copilot generate text, summarize material, and help with reasoning.
Rule-Based AI: Systems that use “if-then” logic with very low risk of error, like MDCalc, VisualDx, or drug interaction checkers.
Machine Learning (ML): Pattern recognition models used in risk scores, fraud detection, and recommendation systems.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): Helps computers understand language, powering tools like Grammarly, Alexa, or EHR data extraction.
Computer Vision: Interprets images and videos, applied in radiology and dermatology.
Speech/Voice AI: Converts speech into text, such as Dragon Medical One or medical scribe toolsAI Guidance V2 2.
Choosing the Right Tool
Not every AI is designed for the same job.
LLMs excel at brainstorming, study help, and generating explanations.
Rule-based tools shine in clinical decision support, protocols, and calculators.
Evidence synthesis tools like Open Evidence can summarize research literature.
Expert systems combine multiple AI approaches for tasks such as automated documentation or literature reviewsAI Guidance V2 2.
Tips for Using AI Safely/wisely
The Garbage Rule: Poor prompts produce poor outputs—be clear and specific.
Double Check: Always verify AI-generated answers against trusted references.
Watch for Hallucinations: AI can sound confident but be wrong; request and confirm sources.
Practice Critical Thinking: Use AI to challenge your reasoning, not replace itAI Guidance V2 2.
Bottom Line
AI can be an incredible ally for medical students and clinicians when used thoughtfully. By understanding its strengths and limitations—and remembering to verify, clarify, and think critically—you can make studying, practicing, and problem-solving more effective without losing your clinical judgment.
